73 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... hematuria • Signs ... Diagnostic of GN or vasculitis ... microscopic and ... #renal #urine #blood
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
yrs old; F>M Signs ... Anemia - Giant cells ... Temporal #Arteritis #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Plasmodium Falciparum Blood Smear.
Key features suggesting Plasmodium falciparum:
- extreme parasitemia
- normocytic RBCs (vivax, ovale prefer big
Plasmodium Falciparum Blood ... P. falciparum causes ... human malaria cases ... peripheral #clinical #microscopy ... #microbiology #
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... dipstick, urine microscopy ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
PR3-ANCA): • Microscopic ... tract, and often causes ... purpura: strong sign ... pulses, bruis, or blood ... Large Vessel: Blood
IgA Vasculitis – Henoch Scholein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 - Infectious Agents - 50% have
endothelial lining of blood ... various inflammatory cells ... periumbilical region), nausea ... HenochScholeinPurpura #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Salmonella Aspiration on Microscopy

66 y/o male with history of coronary artery disease presents with abdominal pain.
Aspiration on Microscopy ... CT abd/pelvis shows ... Is a major cause ... Salmonella #Aspiration #Microscopy ... clinical #pathology #microbiology
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
hair follicles -> causes ... endothelium) & Decr blood ... Livedo Reticularis, Vasculitis ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs
Anaplasma Infection - Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Pathophysiology: 
 • Obligate, intracellular bacteria
 • Transmitted via blacklegged tick —
phagocytophilum Pathophysiology ... within morulae Signs ... is rare (< 10% cases ... ), cough (30% cases ... Infection #diagnosis #microbiology
Examples of varying granular and granular/waxy mixed casts: 
A: coarse granular/broad-waxy (and surrounding white blood cells);
granular/waxy mixed casts ... surrounding white blood ... cells); B: light ... Granular #MuddyBrown #Casts ... #Urine #Microscopy