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diagnosis algorithm differential aki blood kidneyinjury urinary urology workup checklist clinical crystalluria dipstick examination glucosuria instructions interpretation interstitial key leucocyteesterase
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... renal disease • Granular ... #Microscopy #Atlas ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Sulfa Crystals on Urine Microscopy Sulfa Crystal! Drug-induced crystalluria is a cause of acute renal failure
Urine Microscopy ... crystalluria is a cause ... of acute renal ... #Urine #Microscopy ... crystalluria #clinical #nephrology
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 Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... ) • Granular Casts ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive) • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... hematuria, mild ... casts/RTE; blend ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... : • Flank pain ... : - RBC casts ... microscopic and ... #urology #nephrology
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Microscopic exam ... • Crystals ... • Urinary casts ... #urine #UNa #casts ... #glucosuria #hematuria
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... casts are seen ... in acute tubular ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... unilateral flank pain ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... , crystals, protein
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Epithelial cell casts ... myeloma) • Urate crystals ... • Calcium Oxalate ... polyangiitis /microscopic
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