105 results
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... usually IgG) (e.g. lupus ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... inclusions - If infection ... bartonella (oroya fever ... #Anemia #Differential ... #hematology #testing
Fever Patterns - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Continuous Fever:
Temp > 38°C with only 1 degree fluctuation in 24
Differential Diagnosis ... and bacterial infections ... schistosomiasis • Pyemia ... with profound hemolysis ... #Patterns #Differential
Causes of Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) - Differential Diagnosis
 • Infection: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Abscess, Endocarditis,
Causes of Fever ... Brucellosis, Q fever ... Malignancy: - Hematologic ... . autoimmune): Lupus ... , Factitious fever
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
Hemolytic Anemia ... malignancy, autoimmune disease ... Recent travel/Fevers ... , DAT (-) → Infection ... #Anemia #Differential
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
, Liver disease, ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic ... Cold autoimmune hemolytic ... RBC #Morphology #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
- Differential ... Macroangiopathic, Infections ... Non-megaloblastic: Liver ... disease, Alcoholism ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Diagnosis
Manifestations:
 - Arthritis 69%
 - Malar rash 40%
 - Fever 36%
 -
Malar rash 40% - Fever ... Lymphadenopathies 7% - Hemolytic ... anemia 4% - Myositis ... Other auto-immune, Infectious ... #rheumatology
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Volume (MCV) - Differential ... • Bleeding • Hemolysis ... Renal Disease, Liver ... Inflammation, Chronic Infection ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... : • Systemic lupus ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... deficiency Infections ... #Diagnosis #Hematology