29 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
: Commonly no signs ... Bone/joint pain Psychiatric ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Gastrointestinal Manifestations
 - Thrombosis of vessels in the pancreas, Vasculitis -> Acute Pancreatitis
the pancreas, Vasculitis ... Pancreatitis - Elevated Liver ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
yrs old; F>M Signs ... /Symptoms: - Fever ... Temporal #Arteritis #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
IBD • Chronic liver ... Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Complications of Measles: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • ADEM -> Fever, headache, neck stiffness, BBD, mental
SOB, fatigue, fever ... N/V, elevated liver ... Complications #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
Symptoms: Fatigue, Pruritus, Right upper quadrant discomfort
Signs: Jaundice, Xanthelasmata, Hepatomegaly
Associated history:
Primary Biliary ... Algorithm Symptoms ... quadrant discomfort Signs ... Associated history: Symptoms ... Liver biopsy findings
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Growth Hormone: • Liver ... activates lipolysis Signs ... /Symptoms: • GH ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... cholestasis → Cirrhosis/Liver ... failure PBC Signs ... and Symptoms: ... or higher • Liver
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
• Low-grade fever ... Reduced libido • Signs ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Bipolar Disorder: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Disruption of emotional homeostasis
 • Oscillation between mood states
normal mood - Primary ... MoodDisorders #Diagnosis ... #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Psychiatry