10 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... : Emesis, Diuretics ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... • Normal/low ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... Impaired Renal Excretion ... Medications 2. ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... Impaired Renal Excretion ... Medications 2. ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Etiology: • Medications ... only if no clear cause ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Treatment #potassium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... irrigation • Management ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Kidney stones caused ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
algorithm for hypokalemia ... urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... urine Na/Cl < 0.7, high ... Other medications ... #algorithm #nephrology