15 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... starts by measuring urinary ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Urinary Chloride ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... #causes #urinary
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cyclosporine • Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #endocrinology ... #causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... secreting tumor, Primary ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
+2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Kidney stones caused ... kidney disease • Primary ... insipidus • Primary ... #Medications #Table
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Effects • Thiazide Diuretics ... • Unregulated Conversion ... #Endocrinology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... Chloride Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... the indicated causes
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
organic acids and bases ... acid and most diuretics ... limb of Henle's loop ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
Treatment algorithm ... Volume Overload → Loop ... diuretic IV Bisphosphonate ... Calcitonin Refractory Cases ... #management #endocrinology