29 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... High Aldosterone: Malignant ... secreting tumor, Primary ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... starts by measuring urinary ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... Hyperaldosteronism: malignant
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... Medications - Loop ... - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
urine (usually low ... kidney disease, Loop ... phase of ATN, Hypercalcemia ... Increased intake (low ... /Inflammation: Urinary
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low PTH: • High ... PTHrP: Malignancy ... PTHrP: - Low
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
Treatment algorithm ... for malignancy-associated ... Dialysis with low ... Volume Overload → Loop ... diuretic IV Bisphosphonate
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia
 • Aggressive IV hydration
 • IV Bisphosphonate +/- Calcitonin
 • Renal
Treatment algorithm ... hypercalcemia ... : Dalysis with low ... Volume overload: Loop ... diuretic • Lymphoma
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... R - Primary aldosteronism ... Hyperaldosteronism: malignant ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Urinary Chloride ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low ... #causes #urinary
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Effects • Thiazide Diuretics ... /lsotretinoin Malignancy ... • Unregulated Conversion