35 results
diagnosis differential nephrology causes management hypokalemia potassium table hypercalcemia hyponatremia sodium endocrinology high hypomagnesemia magnesium malignancy medications pharmacology rhabdomyolysis workup
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Magnesium #Table #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... syndrome (mimics loop
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low intake • poor oral intake Renal loss • Medication • Hypomagnesemia •
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #Classification
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath Aggressive IV hydration
Treatment algorithm ... Renal Failure → ... Dialysis with low ... Volume Overload → Loop ... #Treatment #algorithm
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia • Aggressive IV hydration • IV Bisphosphonate +/- Calcitonin • Renal
Treatment algorithm ... Calcitonin • Renal ... : Dalysis with low ... Volume overload: Loop ... diuretic • Lymphoma
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Losses Non-renal ... vomiting) • Low ... • Discontinued diuretic
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... • Renal tubular ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Malabsorption RENAL ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... Diuretics • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Excretion: - Renal ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... acidosis) • Low ... (IV loop diuretic ... acetazolamide) - IV loop
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