68 results
diagnosis differential nephrology potassium management treatment hypokalemia low endocrinology alkalosis pharmacology renal table workup emesis hypomagnesemia medications secondary vomiting acute
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... Hyperkalemia ... Drug-induced hyperkalemia ... Potassium-sparing diuretics
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Adenoma • Hyperplasia • MEN 1 and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia ... • Unregulated Conversion ... Paget's Disease #Hypercalcemia
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... Classification #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #urinary
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... Diuretics • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... Magnesium #Low #Causes
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia ... plasma [K+] #Hyperkalemia ... #causes #potassium
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Elevated PTH (High or normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Elevated PTH (High ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia ... #causes #endocrinology
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath Aggressive IV hydration
malignancy-associated hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia - ... Volume Overload → Loop ... diuretic IV Bisphosphonate ... malignancy #associated #hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
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