49 results
diagnosis causes potassium hypokalemia low hyponatremia management metabolic alkalosis hypernatremia treatment workup diuretics endocrinology hypercalcemia hypomagnesemia medications nongap pharmacology renal
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... potassium #low #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
- Insulin (high ... overdose) - Sodium ... Furosemide and other loop ... #Medications #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... syndrome (mimics loop ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Metolazone Loop ... as no effect on sodium ... #Pharmacology #nephrology ... #conversion #loop
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Hypernatremia - Differential ... • Osmotic diuresis ... Hypernatremia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... in 4 mL) - IV sodium ... therapy (loop diuretics ... mL/min) - Oral sodium ... Chronic #treatment #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... #differential # ... #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... 90 minutes) • Sodium ... renal function) - Loop ... diuretic (often ... management #potassium #nephrology
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
True Hyponatremia Differential ... Algorithm Instead ... low, uric acid high ... high and uric acid ... #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... • Drugs • Diabetic ... #nephrology #potassium ... #differential
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