15 results
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
Hormones Acting ... mannitol) 3) Loop ... HCTZ) 5) Potassium-sparing ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
, Mechanism of Action ... empagliflozin LOOP ... Chlorthalidone POTASSIUM-SPARING ... Pharmacology #summary #table ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Ureterosigmoidostomy, jejunal loop ... , ileal loop ... Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (amiloride ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... GI losses (NG suction ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... High Urine Cl - Loop ... diuretics, Mg2+ ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Elimination (see Table ... (IV loop diuretic ... acetazolamide) - IV loop ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... diuretic use, Bartter ... of sodium and potassium ... #nephrology #differential
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
+2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... the Nonspecific Cation ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table