55 results
diagnosis differential hypokalemia hyponatremia management potassium treatment low metabolic alkalosis hyperkalemia hypernatremia chloride hypomagnesemia workup acute aniongap diuresis diuretics magnesium
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure. (A) Congestion with volume overload. (B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... Total loop diuretic ... intravenous; SGLT2‐I, sodium–glucose ... following a single loop ... #CHF #Algorithm
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Metolazone Loop ... as no effect on sodium ... #Pharmacology #nephrology ... #conversion #loop ... #thiazide #classes
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... syndrome (mimics loop ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... concentrating defect: • Diuretics ... • Osmotic diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... the indicated causes ... the excretion of sodium ... #nephrology #differential
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
overdose) - Sodium ... Furosemide and other loop ... diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #Causes #hypomg
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... pressure: Active diuretic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #urinary
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
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