63 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... Findings B & T lymphocyte ... pathophysiology #endocin #endocrinology ... #symptoms #signs ... #diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Other humoral syndromes ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Trousseau's Sign of Hypocalcemia on Physical Exam

Carpopedal spasm caused by ischemia induced by an inflated blood
Trousseau's Sign ... of Hypocalcemia ... Carpopedal spasm caused ... #clinical #video ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic: Williams syndrome ... #VitaminD #causes ... #differential #diagnosis ... #endocrinology
The Chvostek sign (/ˈkvɒstɪk/) is a clinical sign of existing nerve hyperexcitability (tetany) seen in hypocalcemia.It
ˈkvɒstɪk/) is a clinical ... hyperventilation, which causes ... #Hypocalcemia # ... PhysicalExam #Video #Clinical ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... #Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Orange or Hep C Clinical ... Physical Exam/Signs ... phenomenon CLL Diagnosis ... • Richter’s Syndrome ... #Leukemia #diagnosis
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... renal failure Clinical ... symptoms are not caused ... at the time of diagnosis ... #Management #Signs
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... 1) Clinical clues ... BrighamChiefs #Hypercalcemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #endocrinology