3163 results
Split, Fractured Patella on Knee Exam

30 years old male, 10 years post motorbike accident.  Split,
with tears of ACL ... , PCL , PLC
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... cotransporter, K channel, Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... Thiazide-sensitive Na—Cl ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential
Valgus Stress Test in MCL Injury

In this video you can have a great visual of a
Stress Test in MCL ... collateral ligament (MCL ... Valgus #StressTest #MCL
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Hypertensive: • High Al ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... #Hypokalemia #Differential
Autoantibodies in Rheumatology
 • Lupus (SLE): ANA (anti-nuclear antibody), dsDNA (double-stranded DNA), Anti-Smith, Anti-Ro (SSA) and
, others (RNP, aPL ... Anti-cardiolipin (aCl ... Anti-centromere, Scl
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
Approach to Anemia - Differential ... Microcytic (MCV ... Thalassemia • ACD ... Non-hemolytic: ACD ... #Algorithm #Differential
Urine Anion Gap in NAGMA
NA + K - Cl = surrogate for Urine NH4+
NH4+ is excreted
NAGMA NA + K - Cl ... excreted with Cl ... is intact: - All ... NAGMA #diagnosis #differential
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Exogenous (KCL ... #hyperkalemia #differential
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Myeloid Leukemia (AML ... Myeloid Leukemia (CML ... drugs • ACE ... Hyperuricemia #Differential
Hematology Algorithms 

Anemia is described as a reduction in the proportion of the red blood cells.
a decrease in all ... than 150,000 per mcL ... than 4000 per ml ... than 1800 per ml ... /mean MCV) × 100