222 results
Autoantibodies in Rheumatology
 • Lupus (SLE): ANA (anti-nuclear antibody), dsDNA (double-stranded DNA), Anti-Smith, Anti-Ro (SSA) and
, others (RNP, aPL ... Anti-cardiolipin (aCl ... Anti-centromere, Scl ... #Rheumatology #diagnosis
Knee Examination
Right Knee - Examination maneuvers include the Lachman (ACL), anterior drawer (ACL), Lateral pivot shift,
include the Lachman (ACL ... anterior drawer (ACL ... #Diagnosis #Sports
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Exogenous (KCL ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology
Segond Fracture
- Avulsion fracture of the proximal tibia below the articular surface. 
- Associated with anterior
cruciate ligament (ACL ... Segond #Fracture #Diagnosis ... #Orthopedics #Radiology
Autoimmune Gastritis - Pathophysiology

Anti-ParietaI Cell, CD4+ T Cells, Autoantibodies -> x Parietal Cells, x HCL, x
Autoimmune Gastritis - Pathophysiology ... Parietal Cells, x HCL ... Autoimmune #Gastritis #Pathophysiology
The cardiac cycle and the ECG, all together explained

#Pathophysiology #Cardiology #CardiacCycle #Stages #Systole #Diastole #HeardSounds #Pressures
cycle and the ECG, all ... explained #Pathophysiology ... #Cardiology #CardiacCycle
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... cotransporter, K channel, Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... Thiazide-sensitive Na—Cl ... Kidney #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis ... Hypertensive: • High Al ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... and iron release Diagnosis ... composite endpoint of all-cause ... #heartfailure #diagnosis ... #management #cardiology
Guide to systemic mastocytosis

Criteria for diagnosis: at least 1 major and 1 minor or 3 minor
Criteria for diagnosis ... infiltrates of MC ... Minor: • >25% of all ... MCs are atypical ... pathology #algorithm #diagnosis