277 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #causes
Autoantibodies in Rheumatology
 • Lupus (SLE): ANA (anti-nuclear antibody), dsDNA (double-stranded DNA), Anti-Smith, Anti-Ro (SSA) and
, others (RNP, aPL ... Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome ... Anti-cardiolipin (aCl ... LAC) • Sjogren Syndrome ... Anti-centromere, Scl
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
- Na-K-2Cl cotransporter ... , K channel, Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... Thiazide-sensitive Na—Cl ... alpha-Intercalated cell Cl
Positive Lachman test in ACL Injury

Here is an exam of a patient under anesthesia with an
Lachman test in ACL ... anesthesia with an ACL ... That causes the ... Lachmans #test #ACL
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... Algorithm #Nephrology #Causes
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) - Pathophysiology:
→ Massive tumor cell lysis
→ Release of large amounts of K+,
Tumor lysis syndrome ... (TLS) - Pathophysiology ... , AML, NHL → AKI ... #TumorLysis #syndrome ... #TLS #Pathophysiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... Ferritin <100 ng/mL ... composite endpoint of all-cause ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Kounis Syndrome (Allergic Angina) - Pathophysiology

#Kounis #Syndrome #Allergic #Angina #Pathophysiology #cardiology
Kounis Syndrome ... Allergic Angina) - Pathophysiology ... #Kounis #Syndrome ... Allergic #Angina #Pathophysiology ... #cardiology
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Heart Failure - Causes ... , Pathophysiology ... • Other HFpEF Causes ... #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology
Hyperviscosity Syndrome - Causes and Treatment

 - Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (most common) / Plasmapheresis 
 - Multiple
Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... - Causes and Treatment ... transformation (CML ... hyperleukocytosis (AML ... #Causes #Differential