76 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... salicylate toxicity causes ... ketoacidosis Renal ... acids in advanced renal ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... aldosteronism #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
(AG) = {Na - (Cl ... salicylates) R Renal ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... acidosis/Chronic renal ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... • High Urine Cl ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... syndrome #Primary #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... Low intake • Metabolic ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Losses: • Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Complications of CKD
 - Patients with stages 1-3 ([GFR] >30 mL/min) of CKD are generally asymptomatic;
1-3 ([GFR] >30 mL ... imbalances or endocrine/metabolic ... 4-5 (GFR < 30 mL ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #CKD
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... UNa > 20: • Renal ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... Corpuscular Volume (MCV ... Renal Disease, Liver ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Hematology
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Reticulocytes, MCV ... , MCH, MCHC, Serum ... Disorder • RBC Metabolism ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Hematology
Causes of Prolonged Emergence - Anesthesiology

Prolonged Drug Action:
• Overdose 
• Hypothermia (< 33 C) 
• Incr
Causes of Prolonged ... interaction Metabolic ... Causes: • Hypoxia ... hepatic — renal ... • Alcohol Neurologic