25 results
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
lumbar spine • MCC ... constipation Differential ... axial T1 and T2 Treatment ... Equina #syndrome #differential ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... or aquaporin-2 deficiency ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... Ferritin <100 ng/mL ... functional ID) Treatment ... alissa_shega #iron #deficiency
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Short Stature - Differential ... Disease • GH Deficiency ... • IGF-I Deficiency ... Panhypopituitarism Treatment ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Iron Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure is a common comorbidity
Iron Deficiency ... (CHF) Iron deficiency ... Ferritin < 100 ng/mL ... depot iron] Treatment ... #pharmacology #pathophysiology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
• Low Urine Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... diuretics, Mg2+ deficiency ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... pressure: - Cl ... Hypochloremia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
Multiple myeloma, CML ... Primary carnitine deficiency ... #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... Hyperammonemia #Differential
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... nerve roots and cauda ... Treatment: • Plasmapheresis ... diagnosis #management #treatment ... #neurology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Hypo-Mg2+ • Vitamin deficiency ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Syndrome #Nutrition #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology