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differential causes table workup ascites excretion gitelman hepatology hypokalemia hypotonic low medications pathophysiology pharmacology physiologic refractory renal rhabdomyolysis
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... Extrarenal Hypernatremia ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... volume loss - diuretics ... renal failure #Hypernatremia ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia ... , Medications (diuretics ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... case of hypotonic hyponatremia ... loss (diuretics ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Diagnosis of ... irrigation • Management ... • Hyponatremia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Algorithm Hypernatremia ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... Hyperventilation #Hypernatremia ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Syndrome ... especially thiazide diuretics ... osmole intake #Hyponatremia ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Syndrome ... especially thiazide diuretics ... osmole intake #Hyponatremia ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia ... • Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
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