119 results
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
Critical illness, high ... , female of high ... : 33% • Treatment ... >60, CKD, CHF, high ... : No • Treatment
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
diet • Blood transfusion ... Normal, Renin High ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology ... #potassium #differential
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
HyperKalemia - Differential ... glycosides • High ... intake • Blood transfusion ... blockers - MCW Nephrology ... #HyperKalemia #Differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... causes #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... causes #potassium #high ... #nephrology
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
True Hyponatremia Differential ... low, uric acid high ... - Urine sodium high ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia High ... Content • RBC Transfusions ... Effect • RBC Transfusions ... Diagnosis #DM2 #Differential
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
Administration - Massive ... Hypermagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #High
Hepatobiliary Manifestations of Sickle Cell Disease
Acute sickle cell hepatic crisis:
 • Fever, acute onset RUQ pain,
Supportive with treatment ... blood or exchange transfusion ... Supportive, exchange transfusion ... hepatology #hepatitis #differential
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential ... Low Magnesium, High ... Phosphate, High ... Hypocalcemia #Workup #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology