131 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... in pernicious anemia ... Losses Non-renal ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... potassium excretion ... • Acute renal ... #Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis ... #algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... (if preserved renal ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
SaO2 - percent saturation ... of hypoxia) - Low ... ANEMIC HYPOXIA ... CaO2 → Low SvO2 ... #differential #diagnosis
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
x (Hct / 45) / Maturation ... Factor The maturation ... approximately how ... Index < 2: • Anemia ... #differential #diagnosis
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... , Obstruction, Anuria ... protein - Low ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... #Pediatrics #nephrology
Low O2 saturation that does not respond to supplemental O2
- Key diagnostic feature (sat < 85%
Low O2 saturation ... supplemental O2 - Key diagnostic ... causes a falsely low ... pneumonia, COPD, anemia ... ) #Diagnosis #Toxicology
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Low ... Renal Disease, Liver ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis and Management
 • Distal (type 1) RTA
 • Proximal (type 2)
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... (RTA) Diagnosis ... and Management ... 4) RTA #rta #Renal ... #Management #nephrology