8 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... disorders or excreted medications ... #nephrology #casts
Lupus Nephritis - Diagnostic approach to kidney disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
SLE patient develops
• Nephritic urine ... dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts ... , WBC casts) especially ... algorithm #sle #nephrology ... #biopsy #indications
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Management Summary Causes ... Weakness - Dark urine ... Cast formation: ... hour with goal urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... Other medications ... continued in most cases ... #hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... STOP offending medications
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Caused by splanchnic ... (no casts, protein ... Exclude other AKI causes ... • Medical: ... essential in all cases
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology # ... Medications #Table
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management
Methanol intoxication:
 • Accidental or intentional ingestion of adulterated
Clinical Features, Diagnosis ... methanol; rare cases ... oxalate crystals in urine ... of contaminated medication ... toxicology #comparison #table