11 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... potassium excretion ... failure • Chronic ... #nephrology #potassium ... #differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Excretion: • ... Medications 2. ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
metabolic acidosis • Diabetic ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Excretion: • ... Medications 2. ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Potassium-sparing ... ketosis with ketone excretion ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
(renal potassium ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Excretion Carbonic ... • Metabolic alkalosis ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
- Reduced Excretion ... nephron - TTKG > 7, Urine ... Creatinine • Chronic ... renal failure ... Aldosterone • Diabetic
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Etiology: • Medications ... lysis) ± Urine ... STOP offending medications ... #nephrology #K