19 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Acute and chronic kidney ... - Drugs - ... - Diuretics ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loses - Medications ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... #Causes #Workup
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... Hypothyroidism, Stress, Drugs ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Sodium loss (diuretics ... diuresis can be ... high or low Uosm ... diuresis) RAAS ... #differential #
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... • Hypercalcemia ... stones caused by ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Table
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
- Insulin (high ... foscarnet - Diuretics ... and other loop diuretics ... antiretroviral therapy - Diuretics ... #Medications #differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... trauma • Drugs ... especially thiazide diuretics ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... trauma • Drugs ... especially thiazide diuretics ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... - Acquired: Medications ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... , Diuretic phase ... #nephrology #magnesium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Chronic progressive kidney ... Drug-induced hyperkalemia ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential