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Crystal cast in patient with AKI and TLS on Urine Microscopy

Randy Luciano MD, PhD @RandyLucianoMD

#TLS #Crystal
Crystal cast in ... patient with AKI ... and TLS on Urine ... Microscopy Randy ... #Crystal #casts
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sensitive) • AKI ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... proteinuria, granular casts ... /RTE; blend sediment
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
cases are caused ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... , crystals, protein
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... myeloma) • Urate crystals ... polyangiitis /microscopic
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
sediment and color ... Microscopic exam ... • Urinary casts ... (AKI) FE Na < ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
Guide to Acute Kidney ... - Urinalysis/microscopy ... UOP/weights - Urine ... uric acid (rhabdo/TLS ... ) Causes of
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
Urine Microscopy ... up by cells or casts ... Ill stain) and crystals ... RBC's, lipids, crystals ... protein matrix of casts
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... microscopy / urinary ... sediment, renal ... osmolarity If cause ... cardiac imaging #Acute
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
high WBC count cause ... fever - ACS, AKI ... , acute limb ischemia ... leukapheresis - TLS ... diagnosis #management #hematology