10 results
Urinary Casts in the setting of renal disease
#Clinical #Nephro #Urine #Microscopy #Casts #Comparison #Chart #ATN #AIN
the setting of renal ... disease #Clinical #Nephro ... #Urine #Microscopy ... Comparison #Chart #ATN ... #AIN #Pyelonephritis
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
distal component of Nephron ... : CHF, HTN, Edema ... distal nephron: ... blood flow: Pre ... KidneyDisease #nephrology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
Mechanisms of nephron ... damage in cardiorenal ... blood flow • ... syndrome #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
renal tubules ... the nephron -> ... the nephron -> ... into the nephron ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... • Malignant HTN ... causes #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine # ... blood
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
The next step in ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
through distal nephron ... - TTKG > 7, Urine ... Creatinine • Chronic renal ... ENaC blockers • AIN ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... Hypertensive emergency, Blood ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... An elevated white ... blood cell count
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Normal or low blood ... • Hypokalemia (renal ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
perfusion + ↑ renal ... Pathophysiology: ... casts, protein, or blood ... ATN, volume depletion ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology