28 results
Mitral Stenosis and Left Atrial Thrombus on Echocardiogram (a4c)

Mitral stenosis is a risk factor for LA
Mitral Stenosis ... and Left Atrial Thrombus ... Echocardiogram (a4c ... ) Mitral stenosis ... #Thrombus #a4c
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... stenosis Rheumatic ... disease Infective endocarditis ... myxoma)/ball valve thrombus ... #stenosis #Causes
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Mitral Regurgitation ... Marfan's Disease Mitral ... • Rupture • Endocarditis ... Fever • Trauma Mitral ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... fever, Infective endocarditis ... fever, Infective endocarditis ... Ring fracture, Thrombus ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Causes of Ischemic Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Important to determine and treat the etiology behind because
Causes of Ischemic ... * • Valvular: Mitral ... stenosis, Prosthetic ... valve • Endocarditis ... Structural: myxoma, thrombus
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... stenosis - Infective ... /marantic endocarditis ... papillary muscles apically ... pacing (especially apical
Mitral Valve Vegetations in Endocarditis - POCUS Echocardiogram

Apical 4-chamber view, a mobile echogenic mass is seen
Mitral Valve Vegetations ... in Endocarditis ... Echocardiogram Apical ... attached to the mitral ... clinical #cardiology #a4c
Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Massive Hemoptysis: >150-300 mL in 24h
Airway disease: 
 • Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Malignancy
PNA, Abscess), Viral ... • Valvular (Mitral ... stenosis or regurgitation ... , Tricuspid endocarditis ... Diagnosis #pulmonary #causes
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Direct: Clot (LV thrombus ... , LAA Thrombus), ... - Most Common Cause ... Minor: • < 25% stenosis ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis
Apical 2-Chamber (A2C) Window on POCUS Echocardiogram

Helpful to distinguish anterior and inferior regional wall motion abnormalities.
(A2C) Window on ... associated LV thrombus ... In this case, severely ... EF -> visible mural ... thrombus (star)