31 results
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
& hemorrhagic rash ... & encephalitis in ... & disseminates in ... Vesicular & pruritic rash ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
When to suspect AIN ... (<10%): fever, rash ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... associated with AIN ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
efferent arteriole in ... blood - Tubular Poisons ... keto-acids) -> Poisons ... Release of purine bases ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology
Erythroderma - Diagnostic Algorithm. Pathophysiology: 1) Extensive cutaneous capillary dilation, results in widespread exfoliation of the
Pathophysiology: ... dilation, results in ... mediators result in ... Causes: 1) Exfoliative ... #Dermatology #Rash
Bell's Palsy
Bell’s Palsy is a damage, acute weakness, or paralysis of the Facial nerve (7th CN),
7th CN), without an ... identifiable cause ... The cause is unknown ... #Bells #Palsy #neurology ... #anatomy #pathophysiology
Diabetes – diabetic nephropathy
Majority of the literature in the area is applied to the diabetic nephropathy
the literature in ... from the findings in ... be the primary cause ... - Cytokines #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #CKD
NSAID vs ACEI/ARB effects on the Kidneys

Remember that NSAIDs and ACEI/ARB therapy have opposing effects on
NSAIDs cause vasoconstriction ... In patients with ... use shouldn't cause ... ACEIARB #Effects #Nephrology ... #Renal #Pathophysiology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
reaction -> Benign Rash ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... hyponatremia, rash ... pruritus, weight gain ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
cell/white cell casts ... maculopapular rash ... vesicular rash, ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
and plaques form in ... hair follicles -> causes ... plugging -> Discoid Rash ... Malar (butterfly) Rash ... Manifestations #pathophysiology