29 results
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #neurology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
- Differential Diagnosis ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology #causes ... #algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Volume ... Diuretics (late) • High ... #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... >145 mmol/L High ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Hypertensive ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Algorithm Hypovolemic ... treat underlying cause ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm ADH ... Treat with a high ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
- Insulin (high ... overdose) - Sodium ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #Causes