13 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
glomerular hematuria (RBC ... casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... ) • Granular Casts ... • RBC Casts - ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Lupus Nephritis - Diagnostic approach to kidney disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
SLE patient develops
urine sediment ... , RBC casts, WBC ... casts) especially ... #diagnosis #algorithm ... #sle #nephrology
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
casts, eosinophiluria ... , microscopic hematuria ... casts/RTE; blend ... #AIN #Algorithm ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Algorithm Red ... blood cells on urine ... microscopy. ... and/or RBC casts ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
sediment - WBC/ ... RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... casts are seen ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... sediment by microscopy ... castsDiagnostic ... cancer • TURP/Biopsy ... #nephrology #renal
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... Algorithm • Confirm ... unilateral flank pain ... casts, dysmorphic ... for renal biopsy
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... renal disease • Granular ... #nephrology #casts