11 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria and/or proteinuria ... casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Lupus Nephritis - Diagnostic approach to kidney disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
SLE patient develops
Lupus Nephritis ... urine sediment ... , RBC casts, WBC ... casts) especially ... #diagnosis #algorithm
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Nephritis When ... , granular casts ... #Interstitial #Nephritis ... #AIN #Algorithm ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
blood cells on urine ... and/or RBC casts ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic ... #Algorithm #Causes
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of nephrotic ... ) • Granular Casts ... • RBC Casts - ... #Urine #Microscopy
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... in acute tubular ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... tuberculosis Fatty - Nephrotic ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... renal disease • Granular ... #Microscopy #Atlas ... #nephrology #casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... , RBC casts, dysmorphic ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... sediment by microscopy ... castsDiagnostic ... - Proteinuria ... #nephrology #renal
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... microscopy / urinary ... sediment, renal ... • Interstitial nephritis ... #nephrology #causes