14 results
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Immune-Mediated • Warm AIHA ... • Cold AIHA ... • Drug-induced AIHA ... elliptocytosis - RBC ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Hemolytic Anemia ... 1) DIAGNOSE AIHA ... ↑ LDH • Anti-RBC ... screening 3) TREAT AIHA ... #Hemolytic #Anemia
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
(AIHA) "Warm" ( ... (AIHA)"Cold" (usually ... • Intrinsic RBC ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... 2) External (RBC ... : Warm AIHA, Cold ... AIHA, Transfusion ... Diagnosis #hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Burr Cell RBC (Echinocyte ... Bite Cell RBC: G6PD ... hemolytic anemia ... hemolytic anemia ... #diagnosis #hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Lymphocytosis on CBC ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... thrombocytopenia • AIHA ... Hypogammaglobulinemia • Warm AIHA ... workup #oncology #hematology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
transform into a RBC ... hemolytic anemia ... , Intrinsic RBC ... Production #Index #hematology ... #anemia #differential
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Summary
Overview: 
 • Most common leukemia in adults
 • Disorder of
Vmphocytosis on routine CBC ... cytopenias (ITP, AIHA ... AIHA, PRCA) • Treatment ... Leukemia #oncology #hematology ... hemeonc #diagnosis #management
Autoimmune Hepatitis

Clinical Presentation
 - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure.
 -
Autoimmune Hepatitis ... been reported (eg AIH-PBC ... If suspected, AIH ... #Hepatitis #AIH ... #Hepatology
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
: Autoimmune hepatitis ... , PBC, PSC, IgG4 ... • Bilirubin: RBC ... • LDH: Heart, RBC ... diagnosis #algorithm #hepatology