19 results
Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
: • Autoimmune ... (AIHAs) • Alloimmune ... • Extrinsic RBC ... • Intrinsic RBC ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hematology
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Immune-Mediated • Warm AIHA ... • Cold AIHA ... • Drug-induced AIHA ... elliptocytosis - RBC ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA ... ↑ LDH • Anti-RBC ... • Blood smear: Differential ... screening 3) TREAT AIHA ... #diagnosis #management
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... 2) External (RBC ... : Warm AIHA, Cold ... AIHA, Transfusion ... Diagnosis #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
(AIHA) "Warm" ( ... (AIHA)"Cold" (usually ... • Intrinsic RBC ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Autoimmune Hepatitis

Clinical Presentation
 - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure.
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Autoimmune Hepatitis ... been reported (eg AIH-PBC ... If suspected, AIH ... #Hepatitis #AIH ... #Hepatology
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
: Autoimmune hepatitis ... , PBC, PSC, IgG4 ... • Bilirubin: RBC ... • LDH: Heart, RBC ... diagnosis #algorithm #hepatology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Red Blood Cell (RBC ... spherocytosis, Autoimmune ... Agglutinate: Cold autoimmune ... #Morphology #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Viral, Ischemia, AIH ... - Viral, AIH ... Alcohol, Viral, HH, AIH ... Ducts - PBC ... Algorithm #diagnosis #hepatology
Causes of Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular - Liver Parenchyma
 • Infectious: Hepatitis C, A,
Injury - Differential ... Other: NAFLD, Autoimmune ... Malignancy, 1° PBC ... #Injury #Differential ... Acute #algorithm #hepatology