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diagnosis nephrology differential pathophysiology pharmacology algorithm management causes hyponatremia sodium cardiology treatment table syndrome antiarrhythmics comparison hyperkalemia potassium classes classification
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Table • Step 1: Correct for hyperglycemia. Corrected Na = [(glucose - 100)/
Corrected Na = [ ... Urine Osm • Na ... of total body Na
Hypo-osmolar Hypotonic HypoNatremia Algorithm (Serum Na+ < 135 meq/L, serum Osm < 275 mosm/kg) Assess Volume Status,
Algorithm (Serum Na ... Status, Check Urine Na
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
acid >4 • Urine Na ... losses • Urine Na ... acid >4 • Urine Na ... syndrome • Urine Na
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
diuretics: • Inhibit Na ... diuretics: • Inhibit Na ... diuretics: • Inhibit Na ... inhibitors: • Inhibit Na ... diuretics: • Promote Na
Hyponatremia with Severe Symptoms - Management Algorithm with Hypertonic Saline The goal of acute management is to
is to raise the Na ... have raised the Na ... probably not the low Na
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
FENa) = (Urine Na ... Serum Cr) / (Serum Na
Thiazide diuretics Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., acetazolamide) Nat-Cl symport Na and HCO;- reabsorption Aldosterone antagonists (e.g., spironolactone) Nat channel (indirect effect) Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) Amiloride, #triamterene Nat-K+-2CF symport Na channel (direct effect) #NaCI reabsorption
Nat-Cl symport Na ... +-2CF symport Na
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
of Sodium (FE Na ... [(U Na x P Cr) / ... (P Na x U Cr)] ... = Creatinine, Na ... Injury (AKI) FE Na
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology 1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pathophysiology 1) Na ... action of the Na ... increase. 2) The Na ... digoxin blocks the Na ... increase, the Na
Hyponatremia - Correction for Hyperglycemia #Diagnosis #Pseudohyponatremia #Hyperglycemia #Glucose #Correction #Formula #Sodium #Na
Formula #Sodium #Na
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