366 results
Hyperkalemic Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 4 - 

Failure to acidify urine in collecting duct
Hyperkalemic Distal ... due to reduced Na ... Type4 #Distal #Hyperkalemic
Ventricular Tachycardia - Management Algorithm
Wide Complex Tachycardia: Rate > 100, QRS > 120
DDx: Ventricular tachycardia, SVT
aberrancy, SVT iso Na ... channel blocker, Hyperkalemia
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pathophysiology 1) Na ... action of the Na ... increase, the Na ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... , in states of hypokalemia
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Stimulation of Na ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Beta-Blockers Decreased Na ... happypillsrx/ #Hyperkalemia
Blood pressure
Renin
ACTH
Angiotensin Il
Zona glomerulosa
Secretion
Physical activity, stress
Adrenal
#Epinephrine
#Adrenalmedulla
Degradation
Glucuronation in the liver
Excretion
Bile
Feces
#Hyperkalemia
#Aldosterone
Na* retention and
K* excretion in:
Salivary glands
#Sweat glands
#Gallbladder
Nat
Na
K*
Kidney
Colon
Bile Feces #Hyperkalemia ... #Aldosterone Na ... Gallbladder Nat Na
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Entry - Decreased Na ... Exchanger, Decreased Na ... • Digoxin #Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... volume (↓distal Na ... suggests ↓ distal Na ... delay HD - Na-Zirconium ... #Hyperkalemia
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
algorithm for hypokalemia ... Vomiting: urine Na ... Laxative: urine Na ... mmol, with urine Na ... genetic testing *If hypokalemia
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... TTKG > 7, Urine Na ... • NSAlDs #Hyperkalemia