1553 results
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Renal glucosuria - Na ... - Na-K-2Cl cotransporter ... Thiazide-sensitive Na—Cl ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
acid >4 • Urine Na ... losses • Urine Na ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... • Urine Na > 30 ... algorithm #diagnosis #sodium
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... hypertrophy • Sodium ... resistance • ↑ Na ... #cardiorenal #syndrome
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Increased renal sodium ... retention, Urine Na ... • Nephrotic Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
algorithm Urine Na ... +K / serum Na >1 ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... diagnosis #table #sodium
#ICUCard
RENAL
GFR
90-131
mL/min
((140-age)*Wt)/(72*Cr)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (Cockcroft)
CI Cr
90-131
mL/min
(CrU * volume)/CrS
Creatinine Clearance
FENa
0.0-1.0
%
((U/P Na)/(U/P Cr))*100
Fractional Excretion of Na+
Na req
mEq
(125-Na)*0.6*Wt
Required Sodium
FE Urea
-1.0 % ((U/P Na ... + Na req mEq ... Required Sodium ... Distress Syndrome ... Bicarbonate, Sodium
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
Fractional Excretion of Sodium ... Fractional Excretion of Sodium ... FENa) = (Urine Na ... Serum Cr) / (Serum Na ... Fractional #Excretion #Sodium
How much sodium is in 1 Liter of Normal Saline? In Bags if Potato Chips
How much sodium ... saline = 0.9% sodium ... meq/L) x (23 mg Na ... meq) = 3,542 mg Na ... about as much sodium
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Table

 • Step 1: Correct for hyperglycemia. Corrected Na = [(glucose - 100)/
Corrected Na = [ ... Urine Osm • Na ... of total body Na ... Table #nephrology #sodium
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium ... Fractional excretion of Sodium ... = Sodium. ... < 1% Urine sodium ... > 2% Urine sodium