12 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Diagnosis #EM #IM ... #Nephro #Hyponatremia ... #Hypovolemic #Euvolemic ... #Hypervolemic # ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... Skin loss • Euvolemic ... ) diuresis • Euvolemic ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm ... and hypervolemic ... uric acid low in euvolemic ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Dependent: • Hypovolemic ... • Euvolemic ... • Hypervolemic ... #causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
HYPOVOLEMIC • ... - diuretics EUVOLEMIC ... psychogenic polydipsia HYPERVOLEMIC ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemic - Give ... volume Hypervolemic ... nephrotic syndrome) Euvolemic ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic ... Cerebral salt wasting Euvolemic ... Primary polydipsia Hypervolemic ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pancreatitis, Trauma Euvolemia ... hormone secretion Hypervolemia ... renal failure Hypervolemia ... #Causes #nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Increased Serum K = Hyperkalemic ... Jain via UNC IM ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Cardiac arrest • Hypovolemic ... • Treatment of hypervolemic ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table