10 results
Structure and function of the Adrenal Glands

#Adrenal #Glands #Function #Hormones #Actions #Pathophysiology #Endocrinology

** GrepMed Recommended Text:
Structure and function ... of the Adrenal ... #Glands #Function ... Hormones #Actions #Pathophysiology ... #Endocrinology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Segments of the Nephron ... and their Functions ... acid and most diuretics ... #Segments #Function ... #Pathophysiology
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
on the Kidney - Pathophysiology ... modify immune function ... distal component of Nephron ... absorption in distal nephron ... nephrology #Effects #pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... LOSS: - Diuresis ... function, and gastrointestinal ... Gastrointestinal function ... #Pathophysiology
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm - Evaluation of HPA Axis Response to ACTH

Early am cortisol < 3
Adrenal Insufficiency ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... function - An ... Insufficiency #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... Stimulation #Test #Endocrinology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Definition: • Functional ... Pathophysiology: ... • Tubular function ... volume expansion + diuretic ... improvement after diuretic
Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift:
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 • Tumor Lysis
 • Metabolic or Respiratory Acidosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... PO4 < 20%: • Renal ... Function: • Hypervitaminosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #endocrinology
Major Physiological Effects of Angiotensin II

Altered Peripheral Resistance
I. Direct vasoconstriction
II. Enhancement of peripheral noradrenergic
neurotransmission:
  A.
catecholamines from adrenal ... Function l. ... aldosterone from adrenal ... excretion in distal nephron ... AngiotensinII #Pathophysiology
SGLT2 Inhibitors 
SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
reabsorption in the nephron ... are similar to diuretics ... have good kidney function ... DM2 #Diabetes #Endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
lost via osmotic diuresis ... patient has good renal ... function/urine ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology