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diagnosis management oncology differential hemeonc mds myelodysplastic activation aplastic dress emergencies extravascular hemolysis hemolytic hemophagocytic hlh intravascular lymphohistiocytosis macrophage mas
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) What? A subset of
Petechial or purpuric rash ... with leukopenia, anemia ... 10,000 ng/mL • Hyponatremia ... Treatment: • Corticosteroids ... Diagnosis #Management #Hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... usually IgG) (e.g. lupus ... differential #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... only curative treatment ... #hematology #oncology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Constitutional Syndromes ... and petechiae Causes ... Constitutional Syndromes ... Treatment: ... #oncology #hematology
Sweet Syndrome Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweets Syndrome) is a skin condition characterized by fever and inflamed
Causes: - Idiopathic ... , breast CA - Hematologic ... - Lupus - Leukemia ... Treatment: - Systemic ... #diagnosis #dermatology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
group of disorders caused ... skin that are caused ... Out Secondary Causes ... factor (GCSF) treatments ... #diagnosis #hematology
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Definition: • Severe adverse drug reaction, characterized by
extensive skin rash ... Edema in 70% of cases ... disease: symptomatic treatment ... SinaiBmoreIMRes #DRESS #Syndrome ... #dermatology #diagnosis
Causes of Neutropenia - Differential Diagnosis Neonate: - Infection - by far the most common cause -
hypertension and/or drug treatment ... neutropenia, Kostmann syndrome ... Chediak-Higashi syndrome ... Megaloblastic anemia-rare ... #hematology
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Emergencies Neutropenic ... ): - Hematologic ... Treat underlying cause ... → no immediate treatment ... - CRS: fever, rash
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) High mortality without prompt recognition and management. HLH is a critical diagnostic consideration in
hyperinflammatory syndrome ... caused by uncontrolled ... - Cytopenias (anemia ... Treatment Approach ... Diagnosis #Management #Hematology
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