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diagnosis differential nephrology algorithm hyponatremia medications drugs hypomagnesemia management table treatment diuretics enuresis excretion high hypokalemia hypotonic low nocturnal peds
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... • Osmotic diuresis ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Enuresis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary Nocturnal Enuresis (Urinary Control Never Achieved) • Delayed Maturation
Causes of Enuresis ... Cerebral Palsy, Neurogenic ... : • Pediatric ... (Hinman Syndrome ... #Peds #Pediatrics
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Hyponatremia ... • Nephrogenic ... Kidney stones caused ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... loss (diuretics ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... diagnosis #table #sodium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Drugs: - Loop diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... medications #drugs #pharmacology ... #hypomg
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... especially thiazide diuretics ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... • Pregnancy Hypo-osmolar
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... especially thiazide diuretics ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... • Pregnancy Hypo-osmolar
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
overdose) - Sodium ... foscarnet - Diuretics ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... diagnosis #nephrology #Causes ... #hypomg
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
is usually caused ... the underlying cause ... demyelination syndrome ... severe/refractory hypoNa ... management #nephrology #sodium
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