37 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hyperplasia • Normal ... Al, Normal R - ... #nephrology #causes
Low Anion Gap - Various causes and mechanisms of a Low Anion Gap
 • Hypoalbuminemia (1gm
Low Anion Gap - ... mechanisms of a Low ... anion gap) • Normal ... AnionGap #causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... High or Normal ... Hypercalcemia Low ... PTHrP: - Low ... #Workup #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... or Low PTH: ... or Low FGF-23: ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Metabolic #NAGMA #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
renal function is normal ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
unilateral; • Slow ... reexposed to light; • Normal ... Young females Differential ... Diagnosis: • CN ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Spinal Cord Injury by Nerve Root Levels
Spinal Root	Sensory	Motor	Reflex
C4	Acromioclavicular Joint	Respiration	None
C5	Radial Antecubital Fossa	Elbow Flexion	Biceps Reflex
C6	Dorsal Thumb	Wrist Extension	Brachioradialis Reflex
C7	Dorsal
Biceps Reflex C6 Dorsal ... Femoral Condyle Knee ... Ankle Dorsiflexion Knee ... NerveRoots #Levels #differential ... #diagnosis #Neurology
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis ... Multiple Sclerosis Treatment ... objective evidence of neurologic ... #management #neurology ... #treatment #MS