39 results
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
, Chronic disease ... myeloma Rouleaux: Chronic ... Multiple myeloma, Chronic ... Inflammatory Diseases ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia ... , Leprosy • Inflammatory ... , Sarcoidosis, Amyloidosis ... Paraprotein-associated (POEMS syndrome ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
of chronic kidney ... disease, Acute ... Alcohol use, Liver disease ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... diagnosis #causes #hematology
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Hematologic • Anemia ... Autoimmune / Inflammatory ... Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ... Neurologic • ... Fatigue Syndrome
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis
Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis):
 • Acute infection
 • Solid organ
malignancies • Anemia ... hemorrhage) • Chronic ... inflammatory disorders ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Causes #hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Spurious:
 • Artifact (redo CBC)
Autonomous:
 • Essential thrombocytosis
 • Polycythemia
: • Acute or Chronic ... Inflammatory: ... disorders • Celiac disease ... Iron deficiency anemia ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Amyloidosis - Summary
Group of disorders associated with extracellular deposition of fibrils formed from low-molecular-weight proteins in
amyloid A (AA) → Chronic ... Bronchiectasis, Chronic ... the extent of disease ... : • Nephrotic syndrome ... Carpal tunnel syndrome
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Congenital Diseases ... deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... • Lymphoma Inflammatory ... and Autoimmune Diseases
Nail Disorders secondary to Systemic Diseases
Nail Fold Abnormality
 • SLE
 • Scleroderma
 • Dermatomyositis
Koilonychia - Spoon-shaped
secondary to Systemic Diseases ... Iron deficiency anemia ... discoloration) • Chronic ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Systemic #Secondary #dermatology
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R
40 ml/min A - Anemia ... , and amyloidosis ... , CML, amyloidosis ... plasmacytoma, POEMs syndrome ... MGUS #diagnosis #hematology