28 results
Lactic Acidosis - Overview and Pathophysiology
Lactic acid is an endogenous substrate for gluconeogenesis, that is constantly
the conjugate base ... why LR does not cause ... #differential # ... diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #classification
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... of stones Uric Acid ... Hypocitraturia • RTA Type ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubular acidosis (type ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
di-basic amino acids ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... magnesium Uric acid ... Renal #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Differential # ... #Causes
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... Diagnosis - GOLDMARK ... salicylate toxicity causes ... underexcretion of acids ... #mnemonic #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Diagnosis: Causes ... Interpretation #Diagnosis ... #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid