32 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
resorption: • Primary ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... due to decreased urinary ... #Causes #differential ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • Autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency
 • Adrenoleukodystrophy,
- Differential ... Workup Algorithm Primary ... • Autoimmune primary ... ACTH-deficiency • Combined pituitary ... Workup #Algorithm #endocrinology
Primary vs Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency - Pathophysiology
Primary AI = adrenal glands themselves are the problem. This
- Pathophysiology ... Primary AI = adrenal ... Secondary AI = the pituitary ... Insufficiency #Pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Primary ... Hyperplasia • MEN 1 and ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
The principal endocrine 'axes' and glands. Parathyroid glands, adrenal zona glomerulosa and endocrine pancreas are not
Parathyroid glands, adrenal ... controlled by the pituitary ... Endocrine #Axes #Endocrinology ... #Pathophysiology ... Pathways #Diagnosis #Pituitary
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge - Differential ... Normal/ Low TSH • Pituitary ... Inhibition • Pituitary ... + High TSH • Primary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... or normal): • Primary ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Differential Diagnosis ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... stimulation test AND ... baseline ACTH - Primary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary):
 • Pituitary Dysfunction
 • Hypothalamic Dysfunction
ACTH-Independent (Primary):
Insufficiency - Differential ... Secondary): • Pituitary ... ACTH-Independent (Primary ... Insufficiency #AI #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
hormone–dependent Primary ... Osteolytic metastases and ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology