2735 results
Pharmacologic Options for Hypercalcemia Associated with Cancer
Rehydration with NS followed by loop diuretics
 • IV normal
acid - Inhibits osteoclast ... RANKL to decrease osteoclast ... nitrate - Inhibits osteoclast ... #medications #management
Bone resorption and the relationship between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.  
RANK is expressed on the osteoclasts,
relationship between osteoblasts ... and osteoclasts ... expressed on the osteoclasts ... RANK stimulates osteoclast ... #Osteoclasts #Bone
Bisphosphonates for Osteoporosis Treatment or Prevention 

Bisphosphonates are common medications used in the treatment and prevention
Bisphosophonates inhibit osteoclasts ... #Osteoporosis #Management
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Negative feedback on hypothalamus/pituitary, Decreasing ACTH -> Decr Sex
production of osteoblasts ... and GF's -> Osteoblasts ... expression of osteoclasts ... -> Incr Osteoclasts
Malignant Bone Tumors: Pathogenesis of X-ray appearance

 • Metastatic bone tumors (aka. cancerous cells from systemic
cells activate osteoblasts ... more than osteoclasts ... activate largely osteoclasts
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
IGFIR activates osteoblasts
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
renal failure, Osteoblastic
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Pancreatitis, Sepsis, Osteoblastic
Fracture Healing (and disruptors of this process)
Inflammatory Stage (0-7d)
 • Fracture disrupts local blood vessels ->
cartilaginous matrix by osteoblasts ... mos - yrs) • Osteoclast-osteoblast ... gentamycin - Toxic to osteoblasts
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
syndrome) - Osteoblastic