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management differential hematology neurology symptoms algorithm cardiology classification barre clinical fever guillain leukemia mds myelodysplastic abscess acidosis apml approach bacilliformis
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Aplastic Anemia ... • Aplastic anemia ... and petechiae Causes ... anemia Treatment ... #Anemia #oncology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
dys- (abnormal) -plastic ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... transformation to acute ... #hematology #oncology
Aplastic Anemia - Illness Script Signs and symptoms: • Recurrent infections from neutropenia • Mucosal bleeding from
Aplastic Anemia ... Illness Script Signs ... Treatment: • Consider ... progress to MDS or acute ... #Anemia #diagnosis
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Blood Loss • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
- Differential Diagnosis ... Blood Loss • Acute ... Deficiency • Aplastic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased WBCs - Decreased/NormaI
Causes of Anemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Marrow Aplasia ... Normal RBCs • Acute ... #Algorithm #Causes
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... count cause hyperviscosity ... - ACS, AKI, acute ... >100k, + lab signs ... #TLS #diagnosis
Differentiation Syndrome in APML Epidemiology: • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study) • Triggers:
Differentiation Syndrome ... Triggers: ATRA treatment ... Pathophysiology ... Renal Failure Treatment ... management #hematology #oncology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Spurious: • Artifact (redo CBC) Autonomous: • Essential thrombocytosis • Polycythemia
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... Artifact (redo CBC ... Infectious: • Acute ... effect following treatment ... Iron deficiency anemia
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES: Hyperviscosity Syndrome: • Spontaneous bleeding • Shortness of breath
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... Leukostasis: • WBC ... Hyperuricemia • Acute ... #differential #diagnosis
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Physical Exam/Signs ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... Pure red cell aplasia ... ’s lymphoma or acute ... #workup #oncology
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