54 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Algorithm #nephrology #causes
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... Thiazide-sensitive Na—Cl ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
Life Threatening Causes of Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Table

 • ACS
 • Aortic Dissection
 •
Life Threatening Causes ... of Chest Pain - Differential ... Diagnosis Table ... • ACS • Aortic ... #diagnosis #table
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects 
Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid
 - Thiazide Type
+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl ... electrolytes #effects #pharmacology ... #comparison #table
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Exogenous (KCL ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... pathophysiology #pharmacology
Crystalloid Fluids - Contents Comparison Table
Normal plasma
0.9% saline (a.k.a. "normal saline" or NS)
0.45% saline (a.k.a. 1/2
Contents Comparison Table ... 2 4NS + 20 meq KCL ... Contents #Comparison #Table ... #pharmacology
IV Fluids - Comparison Table
Fluid - pH - Osm - Na - Cl - Other
 •
Fluids - Comparison Table ... pH - Osm - Na - Cl ... IVF #Comparison #Table ... #pharmacology #
Antinuclear Antibody Testing - Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Patterns
Nuclear Patterns:
 • Homogeneous pattern: 
   -
Scl70 (in some cases ... Smith, Sm/RNP, Scl ... Scl100, Th/To, Scl ... -70 (in some cases ... Cytoplasmic #Patterns #differential
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
organic acids and bases ... filtered Na+/K+/Cl ... filtered Na+ and Cl ... Pathophysiology #Tubules #Table ... #Pharmacology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... Algorithm #Nephrology #Causes