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diagnosis differential management anemia intravascular mds myelodysplastic aplastic apml arterial bariatric bleeding bruising bypass complications dermatology dic differentiation disseminated embolism
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors Findings: • Bleeding • Recent history
+ Bleeding Treatment ... Treat primary cause ... #diagnosis #causes ... #treatment #management ... #hematology
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome ... deficiencies - PNH ... Cholesterol emboli • Septic ... Gardner-Diamond syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... only curative treatment ... Myelodysplastic #Syndrome ... #hematology #oncology
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework VENOUS THROMBOSIS • Acquired Risk Factors: - >48 hours
• Nephrotic Syndrome ... Hyperhomocysteinemia - Heparin-induced ... intravascular coagulation ... and other causes ... pathophysiology #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... intravascular coagulation ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... hemoglobinuria (PNH ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Differentiation Syndrome in APML Epidemiology: • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study) • Triggers:
Differentiation Syndrome ... Triggers: ATRA treatment ... myalgias, HoTN, edema ... diagnosis #management #hematology ... #oncology
Hepatic Encephalopathy Treatment • Lactulose: - Oral liquid, 30-45mL 2-4x/day, titrated to 2-4
Hepatic Encephalopathy ... Treatment • Lactulose ... swallow) - Via enema ... For refractory cases ... #management #hepatology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Constitutional Syndromes ... and petechiae Causes ... aplastic anemia Treatment ... Aplastic #Anemia #oncology ... #hematology #diagnosis
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
-> AML: Blast crises ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
Out Secondary Causes ... factor (GCSF) treatments ... marrow studies Treatment ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
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