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diagnosis differential management algorithm extravascular hemolysis leukemia mds myelodysplastic purpura rheumatology syndrome thrombocytopenia bruising chronic cll coagulation dermatology disseminated dyspnea
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Causes Intravascular ... coagulation (DIC ... hemoglobinuria (PNH ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis -
Causes of Extravascular ... • PCH • PNH ... immune-complex hemolytic anemia ... • MAHA (TTP, DIC ... #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic ... Anemia • Toxic ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome ... • TTP/HUS • DIC ... #Hematology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Aplastic Anemia ... • Aplastic anemia ... and petechiae Causes ... anemia Treatment ... #Anemia #oncology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... dys- (abnormal) -plastic ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... #hematology #oncology
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea: • Myocardium: - Heart failure - CAD/ACS - Valvulopathy • Electrical: -
- Water - Pus ... Hepatopulmonary syndrome ... Barre - ALS - Transverse ... myelitis • Hematology ... : - Anemia •
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors Findings: • Bleeding • Recent history
Disseminated Intravascular ... + Bleeding Treatment ... Treat primary cause ... #treatment #management ... #hematology
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
marrow disease - DIC ... - Hemolytic anemia ... Kasabach-Merritt syndrome ... deficiencies - PNH ... Gardner-Diamond syndrome
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
Out Secondary Causes ... • Anemia • Aplastic ... factor (GCSF) treatments ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Causes of Purpura or Easy Bruising in Children Platelet count reduced, i.e. thrombocytopenia - Increased platelet destruction
Causes of Purpura ... purpura - DIC ... (disseminated intravascular ... Acquired - Aplastic ... Purpura #Bruising #Causes
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