3332 results
Cephalosporin Coverage by Generation - HENPECKS Mnemonic
1st Gen: PEK (Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella)
2nd Gen: HNPEK (Add
Ceftazidime: HENPECKS + PsA ... Streptococcus and MSSA ... Cefepime: HENPECKS + PSA ... Streptococcus and MSSA ... Add MRSA; Lose PSA
Antinuclear Antibody Testing - Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Patterns
Nuclear Patterns:
 • Homogeneous pattern: 
   -
pattern: - SLE ... Scl70 (in some cases ... Sm/RNP, Scl-70, SSA ... -52 (Ro52), SSA- ... Scl-70 (in some cases
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE
Drug Induced Lupus (DIL):
 • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
Induced Lupus vs SLE ... 10% of all lupus cases ... Anti-ENA - Rare (SSA ... Discontinuation of causal ... Erythematosus (SLE
Drugs Causing Acute Pancreatitis

Class Ia: The medications in which there was a rechallenge and other causes
rechallenge and other causes ... out other common causes ... Class II: Cases ... and atleast4 case ... #Pancreatitis #Causes
Autoantibodies and their Disease Associations
ANA - Non-specific; common in SLE, autoimmune hepatitis
Anti-CCP, Rheumatoid factor - RA
Anti-dsDNA
Non-specific; common in SLE ... RA Anti-dsDNA - SLE ... - Drug-induced SLE ... Diffuse) Anti-Sm - SLE ... Anti-SSA (Ro),
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Summary
Antinuclear (ANA) - 95% - Initial screening test
Anti-dsDNA - 50%
 • Associated
activity Anti-Ro/SSA ... manifestations • Neonatal SLE ... dysmotility • MCTD (SLE ... • Specific for SLE ... Erythematosus #SLE
Antinuclear antibodies and Systemic lupus
Anti-dsDNA	60-80%	Association with disease activity (when with Farr assay) and lupus nephritis. Can
Highly specific for SLE ... Association with both SLE ... lupus (90%) Anti-SSA ... Anti-Ribo-P 5-15% If SLE ... higly specific for SLE
Causes of Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Hyperkalemia is caused ... is rarely the sole ... cause of hyperkalemia ... #Differential #Causes
Causes of Erythema Nodosum - Mnemonic

NO cause found in 60% of cases
Drugs (antibiotics e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin)
Oral
Causes of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO cause ... found in 60% of cases ... Nodosum #Mnemonic #Causes
Autoantibodies in Rheumatology
 • Lupus (SLE): ANA (anti-nuclear antibody), dsDNA (double-stranded DNA), Anti-Smith, Anti-Ro (SSA) and
Rheumatology • Lupus (SLE ... Anti-Smith, Anti-Ro (SSA ... Syndrome: Anti-Ro (SSA